predictable patterns of thought and behavior that leads you to draw incorrect conclusions. confirmation bias, dunnig kruger effect etc

They are the mental shortcuts that your brain takes. copying others when you are unsure of what to do, educated guess, following what person of authority is doing etc. they might be genetic

Reaching a conclusion without all the facts, because you have know idea how limited your information is. correlation/causation fallacy, straw man fallacy, sunk cost fallacy:

presenting an opposition position as warped, extreme version of itself, either by oversimplifying it, focusing on one part, or taking it out of context. One says cars are dangerous and other one says cars should be banned. they guy has no idea why the opposing side said cars are dangerous, or forgot the infrastructure that has already been built for cars.

you pursue an endeavor because you have already sunk some value such as money, time or effort to it, even though it is not best for you or you don’t want to do it.

receiving external ideas unconsciously which affects how you think and what you think. Example: Me in a microbus, some Maithili girls were sitting next to me, their clothes were stained, their voices were rushed like they were in some kind of hurry and one of the child really looked sick and suddenly it got me thinking about how to raise the current economic status of Nepal so that slums could be cleared, and gulf country migration for work can be stopped.

another experiment: two groups are placed in two different rooms with a actor, one in a neutral room and another one in a business room, one that contained briefcases, business quotes ,corporate posters etc. All of them were made to choose one straw among two. One contained decision and another contained offer. (in actuality both of the straw contained decision in it). the actor acted like they were listening to offer. every person task was to divide $10. it was upto them on how to divide. Those in business room offered their 33% only whereas in neutral room offered half of their portion.

This is bottom up influence.

You make a decision and your unconscious delivers something. You have sex, you feel good. You hug someone you feel good.

Bottom up influence is something you might not even know is happening. like when you walk through the grocery store and suddenly the smell of freshly baked breads makes you go on buy frenzy. like when a business related items like briefcases make you more greedy. It’s essentially priming.

at a homie (directed at a person rather than the argument)